John Paul Jones in the American Revolution

Scottish by birth, Commodore John Paul Jones became the new United States first naval hero during the  American Revolution (1775-1783). Beginning his career as a merchant sailor and, later, captain, he was forced to flee to the North American colonies after killing a member of his crew in self defense. In 1775, shortly after the war began, Jones was able to secure a commission as lieutenant in the fledgling Continental Navy. Taking part in its early campaigns, he excelled as a commerce raider when given independent commands. Given command of the sloop-of-war Ranger (18 guns) in 1777, Jones received the first foreign salute of the American flag and became the first Continental Navy officer to capture a British warship. In 1779, he repeated the feat when a squadron under his command captured HMS Serapis (44) and HMS Countess of Scarborough (22) at the Battle of Flamborough Head. With the end of the conflict, Jones later served as a rear admiral in the Imperial Russian Navy. Fast Facts: John Paul Jones Rank: Captain (US), Rear Admiral (Russia)Service: Continental Navy, Imperial Russian NavyBirth Name: John PaulBorn: July 6, 1747 at Kirkcudbright, ScotlandDied: July 18, 1792, Paris, FranceParents: John Paul, Sr. and Jean (McDuff) PaulConflicts: American RevolutionKnown For: Battle of Flamborough Head (1777) Early Life Born John Paul on July 6, 1747, at Kirkcudbright, Scotland, John Paul Jones was the son of a gardener. Going to sea at age 13, he first served aboard the merchant ship Friendship which operated out of Whitehaven. Progressing through the merchant ranks, he sailed on both trading vessels and slavers. A skilled sailor, he was made first mate of the slaver Two Friends in 1766. Though the slave trade was lucrative, Jones became disgusted with it and departed the vessel two years later. In 1768, while sailing as a mate aboard the brig John, Jones suddenly ascended to command after yellow fever killed the captain. Safely bringing the vessel back to port, the ships owners made him the permanent captain. In this role, Jones made several profitable voyages to the West Indies. Two years after taking command, Jones was forced to severely flog a disobedient sailor. His reputation suffered when the sailor died a few weeks later. Leaving John, Jones became captain of the London-based Betsey. While lying off Tobago in December 1773, trouble began with his crew and he was forced to kill one of them in self-defense. In the wake of this incident, he was advised to flee until an admiralty commission could be formed to hear his case. North America Traveling north to Fredericksburg, VA, Jones hoped to obtain aid from his brother who had settled in the area. Finding that his brother had died, he took over his affairs and estate. It was during this period that he added Jones to his name, possibly in an effort to distance himself from his past. Sources are unclear regarding his activities in Virginia, however it is known that he traveled to Philadelphia in the summer of 1775, to offer his services to the new Continental Navy after the start of the American Revolution. Endorsed by Richard Henry Lee, Jones was commissioned as the first lieutenant of the frigate Alfred (30) Continental Navy Fitting out in Philadelphia, Alfred was commanded by Commodore Esek Hopkins. On December 3, 1775, Jones became the first to hoist the US flag over an American warship. The following February, Alfred served as Hopkins flagship during the expedition against New Providence in the Bahamas. Landing marines on March 2, 1776, Hopkins force succeeded in capturing weapons and supplies which were badly needed by General George Washingtons army at Boston. Returning to New London, Jones was given command of the sloop Providence (12), with the temporary rank of captain, on May 10, 1776. While aboard Providence, Jones displayed his skill as a commerce raider capturing sixteen British ships during one six-week cruise and received his permanent promotion to captain. Arriving at Narragansett Bay on October 8, Hopkins appointed Jones to command Alfred. Through the fall, Jones cruised off Nova Scotia capturing several additional British vessels and securing winter uniforms and coal for the army. Putting into Boston on December 15, he began a major refit on the vessel. While in port, Jones, a poor politician, began feuding with Hopkins. As result, Jones was next assigned to command the new 18-gun sloop-of-war Ranger rather than one of the new frigates being built for the Continental Navy. Departing Portsmouth, NH on November 1, 1777, Jones was ordered to proceed to France to assist the American cause in any way possible. Arriving at Nantes on December 2, Jones met with Benjamin Franklin and informed the American commissioners of the victory at the Battle of Saratoga. On February 14, 1778, while in Quiberon Bay, Ranger received the first recognition of the American flag by a foreign government when it was saluted by the French fleet. Cruise of Ranger Sailing from Brest on April 11, Jones sought to bring the war home to the British people with the goal of forcing the Royal Navy to withdraw forces from American waters. Boldly sailing into the Irish Sea, he landed his men at Whitehaven on April 22 and spiked the guns in the towns fort as well as burned shipping in the harbor. Crossing Solway Firth, he landed at St. Marys Isle to kidnap the Earl of Selkirk whom he believed could be exchanged for American prisoners of war. Coming ashore, he found that the Earl was away. To placate the desires of his crew, he seized the familys set of silver plate. Crossing the Irish Sea, Ranger encountered the sloop-of-war HMS Drake (20) on April 24. Attacking, Ranger captured the ship after an hour-long battle. Drake became the first British warship to be captured by the Continental Navy. Returning to Brest, Jones was greeted as a hero. Promised a new, larger ship, Jones soon encountered problems with the American commissioners as well as the French admiralty. After some struggle, he obtained a former East Indiaman which he converted into a warship. Mounting 42 guns, Jones named the ship Bonhomme Richard in tribute to Benjamin Franklin. Battle of Flamborough Head Sailing on August 14, 1779, Jones commanded a five-ship squadron. Proceeding northwest, Jones moved up the west coast of Ireland and turned to circle the British Isles. While the squadron captured several merchant ships, Jones experienced persistent problems with insubordination from his captains. On September 23, Jones encountered a large British convoy off Flamborough Head escorted by HMS Serapis (44) and HMS Countess of Scarborough (22). Jones maneuvered Bonhomme Richard to engage Serapis while his other ships intercepted Countess of Scarborough. Though Bonhomme Richard was pounded by Serapis, Jones was able to close and lash the two ships together. In a prolonged and brutal fight, his men were able to overcome the British resistance and succeeded in capturing Serapis. It was during this fight that Jones reputedly replied to a British demand for surrender with Surrender? I have not yet begun to fight! As his men were achieving their victory, his consorts captured Countess of Scarborough. Turning for Texel, Jones was forced to abandon the battered Bonhomme Richard on September 25. America Again hailed as a hero in France, Jones was awarded the rank of Chevalier by King Louis XVI. On June 26, 1781, Jones was appointed to command America (74) which was then under construction at Portsmouth. Returning to America, Jones threw himself into the project. Much to his disappointment, the Continental Congress elected to give the ship to France in September 1782, to replace Magnifique which had run aground entering Boston harbor. Completing the ship, Jones turned it over to its new French officers. Foreign Service With the end of the war, Jones, like many Continental Navy officers, was discharged. Left idle, and feeling that he was not given enough credit for his actions during the war, Jones willingly accepted an offer to serve in the navy of Catherine the Great. Arriving in Russia in 1788, he served in that years campaign on the Black Sea under the name Pavel Dzhones. Though he fought well, he bickered with the other Russian officers and was soon politically outmaneuvered by them. Recalled to St. Petersburg, he was left without a command and soon departed for Paris. Returning to Paris in May 1790, he lived there in retirement, though he did make attempts to re-enter Russian service. He died alone on July 18, 1792. Buried in St. Louis Cemetery, Jones remains were returned to the United States in 1905. Carried aboard the armored cruiser USS Brooklyn, they were interred in an elaborate crypt within the United States Naval Academy Chapel at Annapolis, MD.

Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned - 1170 Words

Nicholas Colwell English IV Mr. Kula November 21, 2014 Violent Video Games Should Not be Banned Violent acts committed by children seem to occur on a monthly basis. What is to blame for this trend? Many people try to find, what they would believe to be, a likely source for the violence once. Some people turn to violent video games as the reason why violent acts occur amongst children. Some would even argue, that violent video games in general should be banned. Violent video games should not be banned because they do not cause violent behaviors, they’re a major industry, and not all gamers are children. It would appear to be only logical that violent video games cause violence. This has been refuted by multiple studies. According to the American Medical Association, â€Å"If video games do increase violent tendencies outside the laboratory, the explosion of gaming over the past decade from $3.2 billion in sales in 1995 to $7 billion in 2003, according to industry figures, would suggest a parallel trend in youth violence. Instead, youth violence has been decreasing. (Koffler) What this shows is that video games do not directly cause youth violence. Many people still try to use the excuse that video games cause short term aggression. Short term aggression does not equate to violence. If somebody constantly fails at a sport they get angry. The same concept applies with video games. When someone gets angry while they are playing a videogame they are often fine by the endShow MoreRelatedViolent Video Games Should Be Banned Essay1432 Words   |  6 Pagesof violent video game become more and more advanced. The effects of media violence on video games has been increasing in people’s daily life. It is still be an issue and have a lot of debate on whether or not violent video games should be banned. In this essay, violent video games can be defined by RWJF Blog Team as those video game which represent violence as the best or only way to resolve conflict.( Pioneering ideas 2010). This essay will discussed by two reasons for violent video gameRead MoreViolent Video Games Should Not Be Banned821 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction From my opinion video games violent video games should not be banned. Today I will convince you why violent video games should not be banned. I will cover three points about risk factors, nature of the game and the studies claiming they have no link these all have things in common and they obviously will make you change your mind. First point Many Risk Factors are Associated with Youth Violence, but Video Games Have Nothing to do with it One of the main Surgeon generals has madeRead MoreViolent Video Games Should Be Banned1089 Words   |  5 Pages1. Topic and Stance: The topic that I’m researching and debating about is the concern of whether violent video games should be banned or not, and the stance that I’m taking is that they should be banned. 2. Background Information: There have been many concerns about violent video games and whether or not it’s the source of people’s violent behavior and the recent mass shootings. There have been many instances within the past decade where there have been mass shootings, such as the Aurora movie theaterRead MoreViolent Video Games Should Not Be Banned784 Words   |  3 Pagessubject, violent video games. Concerned parents influenced by the media have been trying for years to get all violent video games banned from the United States market. However, many scientists have proven that there is no correlation of violent games to violence, the media exaggerates isolated events and puts the blame for these events on violent games, and violent video games can actually have a positive effect on people of all ages. The media often suggests that violent video games have a consistentRead MoreBanning Violent Video Games On Children1545 Words   |  7 Pages Banning Violent Video Games A child is killing police officers. A teenager is hiring prostitutes to potentially kill them. He is using weapons such as guns, chainsaws, and knives to kill and commit horrible crimes. Thousands of children and teens participate in these actions daily. How? Violent Video games such as Doom, Call of Duty, and Grand Theft Auto are just a few of the games that are full of these awful actions. The Harvard Mental Health Letter states, â€Å"The Pew Research Center reportedRead MoreEssay on Violent Video Games are the Root Cause of Youth Aggression1157 Words   |  5 Pagesone of the most popular being video games. Video games have come a long way since they were first introduced to the mainstream audience during the 1960’s and 1970’s and have drawn a large amount attraction among people of all ages and culture. However it wasn’t until the Play-station was released that violence became a concern to parents and politics. The level of violence in video games h ave been in a matter of controversy dating all the way back to the classic games like Pacman and Space InvadersRead MoreShould Violent Media Be Banned Essay818 Words   |  4 PagesShould violent media be banned? Many teenagers are now being introduced into playing or watching violent media at very young ages and society are wondering if they should be concerned about it; they are wondering whether it can cause aggressive behaviour within the children/teenagers. Violent video games and violent action films normally have age restriction son them so that children under the age of 15 or in some cases 18 cannot buy them. You see many teenagers with these games and moviesRead MoreViolent Video Games857 Words   |  4 PagesShould Violent Video Games be Banned? â€Å"Learning is a deep human need, like mating and eating, and like all such needs it is meant to be deeply pleasurable to human beings.† ― James Paul Gee, Why Video Games Are Good for Your Soul: Pleasure and Learning. Some people have controversial argument that violent video games should be banned, claiming about the content of video games can change the behavior and attitudes of the players. Since the early 2000s, advocates of video games have emphasized theirRead MoreResearch Paper on Video Game Violence1483 Words   |  6 PagesKendal Hill Mrs. Van Fleet Block 3 10 December 2011 Video games and Violent Behavior True or False: Violent videogames cause children to become more aggressive. Sorry, that was a trick question. Despite much bandying of statistics and loud talking by critics on both sides of the argument, the real answer is that there is no real answer—at least not one that’s been proved scientifically (Zipp). Video games are an appealing target for a public figure in search of a crusade. Movies and musicRead MoreViolence Satire Essay541 Words   |  3 Pagespeople being violent, but when we are asked if we are violent or if we have ever responded with violence, everyone says they are not violent. But if among ourselves we are not violent then who is it that makes our society a violent society? Television plays a big role on violence. Most of us watch television daily. And what do we see daily on television? The news, about our world surrounded by violence? Movies, that only show shootings, death, and more violence? Even cartoons are violent, like the

What is the crisis in the British family a crisis about How is the crisis gendered Free Essays

The term ‘family’ officially evokes the image of a heterosexual, nuclear institution where each member is related to the other by marriage/law or blood, and the state, religion, media and other important institutions in our society encourage this image. However, lived realities are often very different and in recent years this form of the family, which is assumed to be normal and the norm, has been displaced by various other family forms which are labeled as deviant and which are assumed to be the root of current social problems. Hence has risen a ‘crisis’ in the British family. We will write a custom essay sample on What is the crisis in the British family a crisis about? How is the crisis gendered? or any similar topic only for you Order Now This crisis has been highlighted by the various social institutions mentioned above which encourage the heterosexual nuclear family form. Quoting Wright and Jagger, according to them ‘the turn of the century is marked by a growing crisis in the family, a crisis that may prove terminal unless decisive action is taken’, and the crisis has been pointed out as the collapse of marriage and the ‘family’. This crisis however is not new and a similar was said to have risen at the end of the 19th century. Like now, the crisis then too had been a rise in social problems and women had been identified as the cause. Single mothers, working mothers, woman opposing the dominant ideology of ‘womanhood’ were and are labeled as the cause of the ‘crisis’! As Gittins say, ‘Ideals of family relationships have become enshrined in our legal, social, religious and economic systems, which in turn reinforce the ideology and penalise or ostracise those who transgress it. ‘[Gittins 1992] The crisis in the family can thus be seen as nothing more than a gap between the ideological construction of the family and the diverse realities of family life. [Gittins,1993] The different alternate family forms that have come up and become increasingly common in the last few decades such as the single parent (specially single mother) family, extended families, communes, homosexual families are seen as social threats. This is because they resist the patriarchal ideology that is prevalent in the nuclear family form where the male is all-powerful. Resistance to this form of the family has seen the rise of the gendering of the family crisis with the blame falling on the women. This crisis as mentioned above is not something new and was seen before in the 1890’s when the results of it were deemed to be the evils of those times – namely illegitimate children, women not having children, prostitution, homosexuality etc. The family – which by the way was the white, middle class, heterosexist family – was seen to be the buffer against these social evils. In these families the sexual divisions of labor played an important part in the claiming of moral superiority. The industrial Revolution which preceded this period can this be seen as the time when the seeds of change were sown, because even though at this time the ‘domestic ideology’ of the middle class was established, working class women became increasingly involved in paid employment working away from home – and hence rose the first crisis. Indeed, the cause of the crisis at this time was seen to be the ‘bad’ mother – invariably a working class woman in paid labor. With World War II however, women had to take up jobs and it allowed them more freedom. Gradually the 20th century saw changes in attitudes and legislation – though it did take a very long time. The most important legislative changes were perhaps the right of divorce for women and the decriminalization of gay relationships. These factors were important in the rise in the alternate family forms. The argument that the heterosexual family is the ‘norm’ can however no longer be held valid. There is a vast discrepancy between the actual family forms and the ‘cereal-packet family’ considered the ideal! In 1961 over half of all households consisted of a married couple with dependent children and in 1992 this proportion had dropped to 24%. In 2001 19% all households consisted of an adult couple and dependent children – the couple not necessarily married. Marriage certainly has become less popular in the last 2 decades. Cohabitation, teen pregnancies, the number of children outside marriage has seen a marked increase. Homosexuality also has become much more widely accepted in society and many homosexual couples live with their children – adopted or from previous relationships. Divorce rates have also shot up dramatically with 1 in every 3 marriages ending in a divorce. These changes have been constructed into a national crisis by the state and the media. The statistics have been used to create moral panic among the people. In Britain, the government whether the New Right or the New Left have supported the ‘traditional family’. In the debates and policies of the New Right or the New Left, there is seen to be a particular connection between deviant family forms and social ills and there can be seen a particular vision of the individual, family and state responsibility. Policy units, the think tanks like the Social Affairs and the Economic Affairs units and the newspapers rather than the academic press stress are the agencies that stress more on the importance of the ‘traditional family values’. [Jagger and Wright, 1999] The lobbyists on behalf of the ‘ normal’ family say that government policies and feminist ideologies threaten it. Government policies however far from threatening the nuclear family form strongly support it. In fact the Conservatives called themselves the party of the ‘family’ and deviant family forms such as homosexual relationships and cohabitation were actively discouraged. The 1988 Local Government Act stated that it was an offence for local government employees or institutions to promote the acceptability of homosexuality as a family relationship. The Conservatives also shifted away from state provision and the emphasis lay on the family as a source of provision and rhetoric as well as legislation supported this. The moral panic shifted from the unemployed male scrounger to the female lone parent on benefit. The benefits given to single parents were cut down and the Child Support Act was introduced. Refamilisation – by which fathers were tried to be reinserted into the family by being made responsible for his child after separation made life very difficult for those people who had been divorced. This rhetoric of traditional family values however helped the state to back out of much of its fiscal responsibilities! The Labour Governments emphasis has also been on the family. Legislation based on the ‘families role in society’ has been passed. As Frazer says, there is ‘an insistent emphasis on ‘the family’ as the relevant and significant institution’ together with ‘the insistence that rights must be correlated with duties, obligations and responsibilities’. It does seem from the government’s emphasis on the family that the terrain of family offers the illusion of a cheap and feasible political program. Other than this emphasizing on family also obscures the failure of the politicians in other spheres such as economics or likewise. The media also plays an important role in this invocation of ‘the family’ – the ‘cereal-packet family’ being a noteworthy propaganda and the stress on the current ‘crisis’! Religion is another important social institution that encourages the nuclear family maintaining it to be moral and healthier that the other family forms. It has been seen that in all these cases of addressing this crisis by the state, the media or any other institution the focus has been on women as the cause of the crisis and consequently social problems. The single mother is seen as the source of current social evils like poverty, children’s indiscipline, crime and juvenile delinquency. Fatherless families are seen to be more of a problem with no one to impose authority and discipline! The discourse of lone/single motherhood as a social threat as it helps to resist close scrutiny of the content of hegemonic masculinity and fatherhood. [Lister, 1996] and conceals the fear that if men lose their relevance to the family life they also lose control over women and children. The traditional nuclear family, which is patriarchal, enforces this ideology through the strict gendered division of labor and other family forms without these gender divisions are not seen as desirable or normal. The traditional family is seen as one in which the male is the breadwinner and the woman is the homemaker – looking after the house and the children. This was in fact the Victorian middle class ideology. Though today women are no longer thought of as not going into paid work, it is still considered that her primary duty lies in looking after the home – thus she has a double burden of her job and housework. Men however have no such responsibilities and the symmetrical family that Young and Willmott talk about in which housework is shared equally between men and women instead of men thinking that they are doing a favour by helping, will take a long time to come if it ever does come at all! These family relationships – the inequality of women in their relationships with men ( in either marriage or cohabitation) is linked to wider social and economic factors and is infact sanctioned by the power of the state. Thus gendered division of labor is a part of the ‘normal’ family ideals. The crisis in the family means that this gender division no longer works within a majority of the families anymore. This is the feminist explanation for the rise of a ‘crisis’ in the family by the media and the state. The patriarchy that is based on the exploitation of women’s unpaid labor at home constructs alternate family forms as a ‘crisis’ and blames women as the cause of social problems, advocating the return to the ‘normal, heterosexual, nuclear family’ for a better and healthier society! How to cite What is the crisis in the British family a crisis about? How is the crisis gendered?, Essays

What is the crisis in the British family a crisis about How is the crisis gendered Free Essays

The term ‘family’ officially evokes the image of a heterosexual, nuclear institution where each member is related to the other by marriage/law or blood, and the state, religion, media and other important institutions in our society encourage this image. However, lived realities are often very different and in recent years this form of the family, which is assumed to be normal and the norm, has been displaced by various other family forms which are labeled as deviant and which are assumed to be the root of current social problems. Hence has risen a ‘crisis’ in the British family. We will write a custom essay sample on What is the crisis in the British family a crisis about? How is the crisis gendered? or any similar topic only for you Order Now This crisis has been highlighted by the various social institutions mentioned above which encourage the heterosexual nuclear family form. Quoting Wright and Jagger, according to them ‘the turn of the century is marked by a growing crisis in the family, a crisis that may prove terminal unless decisive action is taken’, and the crisis has been pointed out as the collapse of marriage and the ‘family’. This crisis however is not new and a similar was said to have risen at the end of the 19th century. Like now, the crisis then too had been a rise in social problems and women had been identified as the cause. Single mothers, working mothers, woman opposing the dominant ideology of ‘womanhood’ were and are labeled as the cause of the ‘crisis’! As Gittins say, ‘Ideals of family relationships have become enshrined in our legal, social, religious and economic systems, which in turn reinforce the ideology and penalise or ostracise those who transgress it. ‘[Gittins 1992] The crisis in the family can thus be seen as nothing more than a gap between the ideological construction of the family and the diverse realities of family life. [Gittins,1993] The different alternate family forms that have come up and become increasingly common in the last few decades such as the single parent (specially single mother) family, extended families, communes, homosexual families are seen as social threats. This is because they resist the patriarchal ideology that is prevalent in the nuclear family form where the male is all-powerful. Resistance to this form of the family has seen the rise of the gendering of the family crisis with the blame falling on the women. This crisis as mentioned above is not something new and was seen before in the 1890’s when the results of it were deemed to be the evils of those times – namely illegitimate children, women not having children, prostitution, homosexuality etc. The family – which by the way was the white, middle class, heterosexist family – was seen to be the buffer against these social evils. In these families the sexual divisions of labor played an important part in the claiming of moral superiority. The industrial Revolution which preceded this period can this be seen as the time when the seeds of change were sown, because even though at this time the ‘domestic ideology’ of the middle class was established, working class women became increasingly involved in paid employment working away from home – and hence rose the first crisis. Indeed, the cause of the crisis at this time was seen to be the ‘bad’ mother – invariably a working class woman in paid labor. With World War II however, women had to take up jobs and it allowed them more freedom. Gradually the 20th century saw changes in attitudes and legislation – though it did take a very long time. The most important legislative changes were perhaps the right of divorce for women and the decriminalization of gay relationships. These factors were important in the rise in the alternate family forms. The argument that the heterosexual family is the ‘norm’ can however no longer be held valid. There is a vast discrepancy between the actual family forms and the ‘cereal-packet family’ considered the ideal! In 1961 over half of all households consisted of a married couple with dependent children and in 1992 this proportion had dropped to 24%. In 2001 19% all households consisted of an adult couple and dependent children – the couple not necessarily married. Marriage certainly has become less popular in the last 2 decades. Cohabitation, teen pregnancies, the number of children outside marriage has seen a marked increase. Homosexuality also has become much more widely accepted in society and many homosexual couples live with their children – adopted or from previous relationships. Divorce rates have also shot up dramatically with 1 in every 3 marriages ending in a divorce. These changes have been constructed into a national crisis by the state and the media. The statistics have been used to create moral panic among the people. In Britain, the government whether the New Right or the New Left have supported the ‘traditional family’. In the debates and policies of the New Right or the New Left, there is seen to be a particular connection between deviant family forms and social ills and there can be seen a particular vision of the individual, family and state responsibility. Policy units, the think tanks like the Social Affairs and the Economic Affairs units and the newspapers rather than the academic press stress are the agencies that stress more on the importance of the ‘traditional family values’. [Jagger and Wright, 1999] The lobbyists on behalf of the ‘ normal’ family say that government policies and feminist ideologies threaten it. Government policies however far from threatening the nuclear family form strongly support it. In fact the Conservatives called themselves the party of the ‘family’ and deviant family forms such as homosexual relationships and cohabitation were actively discouraged. The 1988 Local Government Act stated that it was an offence for local government employees or institutions to promote the acceptability of homosexuality as a family relationship. The Conservatives also shifted away from state provision and the emphasis lay on the family as a source of provision and rhetoric as well as legislation supported this. The moral panic shifted from the unemployed male scrounger to the female lone parent on benefit. The benefits given to single parents were cut down and the Child Support Act was introduced. Refamilisation – by which fathers were tried to be reinserted into the family by being made responsible for his child after separation made life very difficult for those people who had been divorced. This rhetoric of traditional family values however helped the state to back out of much of its fiscal responsibilities! The Labour Governments emphasis has also been on the family. Legislation based on the ‘families role in society’ has been passed. As Frazer says, there is ‘an insistent emphasis on ‘the family’ as the relevant and significant institution’ together with ‘the insistence that rights must be correlated with duties, obligations and responsibilities’. It does seem from the government’s emphasis on the family that the terrain of family offers the illusion of a cheap and feasible political program. Other than this emphasizing on family also obscures the failure of the politicians in other spheres such as economics or likewise. The media also plays an important role in this invocation of ‘the family’ – the ‘cereal-packet family’ being a noteworthy propaganda and the stress on the current ‘crisis’! Religion is another important social institution that encourages the nuclear family maintaining it to be moral and healthier that the other family forms. It has been seen that in all these cases of addressing this crisis by the state, the media or any other institution the focus has been on women as the cause of the crisis and consequently social problems. The single mother is seen as the source of current social evils like poverty, children’s indiscipline, crime and juvenile delinquency. Fatherless families are seen to be more of a problem with no one to impose authority and discipline! The discourse of lone/single motherhood as a social threat as it helps to resist close scrutiny of the content of hegemonic masculinity and fatherhood. [Lister, 1996] and conceals the fear that if men lose their relevance to the family life they also lose control over women and children. The traditional nuclear family, which is patriarchal, enforces this ideology through the strict gendered division of labor and other family forms without these gender divisions are not seen as desirable or normal. The traditional family is seen as one in which the male is the breadwinner and the woman is the homemaker – looking after the house and the children. This was in fact the Victorian middle class ideology. Though today women are no longer thought of as not going into paid work, it is still considered that her primary duty lies in looking after the home – thus she has a double burden of her job and housework. Men however have no such responsibilities and the symmetrical family that Young and Willmott talk about in which housework is shared equally between men and women instead of men thinking that they are doing a favour by helping, will take a long time to come if it ever does come at all! These family relationships – the inequality of women in their relationships with men ( in either marriage or cohabitation) is linked to wider social and economic factors and is infact sanctioned by the power of the state. Thus gendered division of labor is a part of the ‘normal’ family ideals. The crisis in the family means that this gender division no longer works within a majority of the families anymore. This is the feminist explanation for the rise of a ‘crisis’ in the family by the media and the state. The patriarchy that is based on the exploitation of women’s unpaid labor at home constructs alternate family forms as a ‘crisis’ and blames women as the cause of social problems, advocating the return to the ‘normal, heterosexual, nuclear family’ for a better and healthier society! How to cite What is the crisis in the British family a crisis about? How is the crisis gendered?, Essays

How media effect our life free essay sample

How media effect our life BY equivalents In todays society, media comes into our lives in many different forms and throughout the years, these forms have affected our society positively. There are basically three types of media, print media, electronic media and new age media. Print media Includes newspapers, books, and pamphlets, electronic media Includes television and radio, and the new age media includes phones and internet. These types of media interact with people everyday and in our lives, and are the main source that affect us and change our society. Newspaper is a traditional kind of media which has been used for a few centuries. Newspaper Is a periodical publication which Includes news regarding current events, various articles, societal discussion and some advertisement. Radio is also a popular way for people to know news or other Information. Radio and newspaper are two similar kind of media, however, one is printed while the other is broadcasted. With newspaper and radio developing. Our daily has changed a lot. Newspaper or radio can influence us on what we think about some facts, news or organization. It can play very vital role in building the way that people think and convincing what people should do. Newspaper is main resource of daily information offer people up-to-date news. Newspaper have positive effect as well as negative effect. Its a mirror of truth which people is willing to believe. Its a media for both educated and uneducated people. Some people can also find their job though newspapers. Advertisement is also a outstanding use of newspaper. Some organizations and companies will put their advertisements on newspapers to sell or to show their products. However, there are also negative effects of newspaper. In some newspaper, blast might be exist. For example, In World War II newspaper played a significant role. During WI As the most worldwide kind of mass media, TV plays an important role In modern society. To some extent, TV is the combination of newspaper and radio, because TV Includes sounds, images and sentences. It Is a new stage of media which can show audience daily news much more directly and vivid. People prefer to watch TV rather than read a newspaper because colorful and brilliant TV program Is more Interesting than a newspaper. Therefore TV has become a popular media for people getting sews and having some fun. Television Is the most functional media during these years. People use it to spread information, and updated news. In the early years, there were early a few news channel since It created. But the channel become diversity than it used to be recently. Despite of news, advertisement is another newly media to recommend the product. -its much more faintly than the customer walk Into the mall and choose their favorite product. In Dalton, television can offer different age-stage of various people and satisfied their requirement. The TV company may arrange different special channel. Such like sports channels. Most of the live sports game are showed and the latest sport news as well. Businessmen may use the Economic channel to receive the business news. Internet is the most widely use media of the world. Various usage of internet are being used by people all over the world, For most people. To spend some time on 1 OFF interest in. There are all kind of message on the internet. Whatever you want to look for you can find it. Even if some specific information, you can find it in a very short time by search on the internet. In the old day, we have to look though a article word y word to find something that we are looking for. With internet we can Just type what we are looking for and answer will come out automatically in one second. Our life have become different since the internet has been invented. Nowadays people will see the news and look for any information on the internet instead of newspaper and television. We can see many comments for events on the internet which cannot be seen in other two media. This is good because people can talk about their opinion about some events after they read them instead of Just read the news. Internet is extremely necessary in our society. Internet is like a rope that connects the world. It makes communication become easier around the world. We can communicate instantly though the internet by email or some chatting applications instead of sending a letter and waste a few days. Internet is a media that can carry message really fast. For example, if somewhere in the world is having a natural disaster, once this news get onto the internet ,people from all over the world will know immediately. Media have changed our life and society a lot no matter what form it is. Media do help human beings a lot. As the most ancient way of spreading information, swapper and radio spread the news immediately and let people know the world deeply. However, people always accept the news as the truth, and accept the bias unconsciously. TV is the revolution of mass media, and replaces the old way little by little. As the most popular way to receive the information, the Internet provides a more convenience way to know the world instead of traveling the world. However, people depend on the mass media too much, and regard everything they knew from the mass media as the truth. If mass media are controlled for a personal goal, how people can distinguish the truth and the lies?

Impact of Information Technology in Tourism- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theImpact of Information Technology in Tourism. Answer: Introduction Tourism can be defined as travel and stay of non-resident (Ham, Kim Jeong, 2005). The travel can be either for recreational, business purposes or leisure. Travel involves various components such as accommodation, transport, and attraction. On the other hand, information technology (IT) is the acquisition, processing, storage and dissemination of vocal, pictorial, numerical and textual information by microelectronics based on a combination of telecommunications and computing. Information technology is highly needed in any tourism industry. It is because travel involves processes pertaining business to business, business to consumer, networking of trading partners and instantaneous means of accessing knowledge which needs the help of internet (Inkpen, 1998). The ease of access which is facilitated by internet and depth information has resulted in the emergence of new breed of tourists who are independent and prefer to look for destination places online without necessarily having to co ntact the agents. Through such processes internet has become the primary source of tourists destinations information. Incorporation of informatics in the tourism industry has outpaced the traditional sources of information to tourists destinations. Information technology is a very crucial tool for the survival of the African Eagle tourism company today. Almost all activities involving travel are conducted with application of IT. Today tourist needs to get information online at the destination he or she would wish to go for tourism purposes. The traditional ways of having to travel without explicit knowledge of where you are heading to or contacting agents have been outdated (Ham, Kim Jeong, 2005). African Eagle Tourism Company should design a website and make it available to everybody regardless of the physical location. The site should contain all information relevant to the firm. Potential tourists from anywhere in the world have to visit the website and go precisely through the available information to ensure that they get all that they expect. Once the tourists (customers) find the destination to satisfy their requirements, they end up booking and make payments primarily deposits. After the bookings, the firm becomes able to plan and budget for the expected number of tourists at a particular time. Currently, almost every tourism company has adopted information technology in its operation. For African Eagle Company to compete successfully, then information technology has to been adopted and ensure application in a more beneficial way. It will therefore guarantee survival of the company and increase the profit margins. IT Requirements in the African Eagle Tourism Company Information technology application in the African Eagle tourism company will require an IT highly skilled personnel. The firm should therefore hire or even employ an IT expert as the first step. It is essential to acquire able IT step since he or she is expected to initiate all the activities pertaining IT. Firstly, the expert will provide a detailed plan and budget of IT incorporation to the management of the firm (Ma Buhalis, 2003). The primary task of the expert is to ensure that he or she designs a full website. The site will incorporate all the relevant information about African Eagle Tourism Company which any customer (tourist) would wish to know. The website should be accessible at anywhere in the world. The website should have an attractive outlook to attract people. The employees of the organization should be familiarized with the site so that they can detect any errors occurring (Oconnor Murphy, 2004). The expert will also be keen on the website to ensure that arising inf ormation is updated as soon as possible to avoid customer inconveniences. Details of the firm will also be made available on the social network to make sure that its familiar. The website serves marketing purposes, bookings, delivery of visitors experiences, customers relation follow-ups and digital coach program. Telecommunication sector also should be equipped fully with the required facilities. The equipment may consist of computers, telephones and if possible create a local network to ensure coordination of activities within the firm (Poon, 1993). African Eagle Tourism Company mainly concentrates on three components namely: transport, accommodation, and attraction. Telecommunication will ensure that employees in different departments will communicate effectively therefore ensuring customers enjoy the very best services. The computers aim at reducing computational errors and making tasks easy and quality (Ukpabi Karjaluoto, 2016). Application of IT in the African Eagle Tourism Company The adoption of information technology in African Eagle Tourism Company will incorporate all the stakeholders. It will run from the top employees to the junior staff and managers of different departments as well as employees (Law Jogaratam, 2005). The managers at various agencies such transport and accommodation will ensure that information is kept respectively as well as the records. The Communications will be made accessible and useful to their junior and fellow employees whenever an issue arises. The task will be made accessible and enjoyable by application of computing and telecommunication in the firm. The junior staff will be in a position to perform their duties adequately. Their work in different departments will be made easier. They will keep the records in a reliable way and communicate with the managing staff quickly whenever any need arises. Unnecessary movements within the organization will be curbed (Buhalis Law, 2008). The customers (tourists) will be involved fully in the implementation of the system. They will be in opposition to access the information about African Eagle Tourism Company. The customers will therefore choose the appropriate destination with respect to their requirements. Bookings will also be made online, and online communication will always present be during any time of the day to answer any rising question. Benefits of IT Application in African Eagle TourismIndustry Reduced Operating Cost Use of information technology in African Eagle Tourism Company will reduce the operating cost significantly. Initially, the firm had acquired many employees to perform different tasks. With the application of IT, many functions are performed by the computers. The booking of accommodation for the tourists is done online. They do not have to travel to the Centre for application purpose. Records are kept using computers therefore there is no need of books for the record keeping and hiring of so many employees for the same. The system is capital intensive to the firm (Sheldon, 1997). Convenience The system is convenient to all stakeholders in the firm. The employees will not have to make many computations since computers perform the tasks better (Sheldon, 1997). The management tasks have become comfortable. The customers find it very convenient since they can get the information of African Eagle Tourism Company online. Also, they will not have to travel to book but instead they do it online. Marketing initiatives are done by the use of social media. The potential clients are able to comment on their views about how they were served during their visit. Time-saving Computers usually perform tasks fast and give constant output. Telecommunication has ensured communication in the firm and minimizing unnecessary movements a process which saves a lot of time (Law Jogaratam, 2005). The use of online apps is able to move the tourists in the regions without the need of a tour guide. Hence IT has helped in time saving. Increased Profit Margins With the incorporation of IT in African Eagle Tourism Company, profits margins are likely to increase significantly. Firstly, the workers are reduced since a lot of work is performed by computers. The fact that the system is capital intensive a lot of gains are likely to be accrued (Buhalis Oconnor, 2005). Risks of IT Adoption in African Eagle Tourism Company Loss of Potential Customers African Eagle Tourism Company may end up losing potential customers who may not like their website. Tourist may not like the sites of some destinations which may not look attractive. Destinations may have the best facilities a client would love to have but unattractive designed website may mean losing the customer to other destinations (Ukpabi Karjaluoto, 2016). Security The online platforms of African Eagle Tourism Company may be hacked by cyber criminals making them inaccessible to clients. These definitely would result in losses especially when the firm relies wholly on online customers (Law Jogaratam, 2005). Failure of System Sometimes the systems used by tourists to make booking and payments may fail to operate. This risk can be resulted by working with incompetent IT staff. Failure of the system possesses a significant threat to the firm (Sheldon, 1997). When the systems fail, they may lead to total loss because the tourists will lack something to guide them if the app is not working., Monitoring IT in African Eagle Tourism Company The information technology system performs efficiently with the assistance of an IT expert. It is crucial for African Eagle Tourism Company to employ an IT personnel who will ensure that the system is implemented respectively. All stakeholders should put it into practice. The IT expert should make sure that updates are made as they occur as well as ensuring maintenance of the system. The IT personnel should be readily available in case of any failure (Buhalis Oconnor, 2005). Conclusions Information technology is essential in every organization tourism sector being not an exceptional. African Eagle Tourism Company should therefore adopt information technology in all its processes for easy management and increment in profit margin. To ensure that the activities flow smoothly in travel firm then IT has to be adopted. The company goals will be achieved at a fast rate as well as increasing the profit margins. Recommendations Currently, every organization should adopt information technology to perform its activities. The continuous development of technology and the willingness of the globe to exist as one village has made it mandatory for each and every organization to adopt information technology. The many transactions involving tourism industry requires information technology to make them very efficient thus improving on the gains and quality of services. References Buhalis, D. and Law, R., 2008. Progress in information technology and tourism management: 20 years on and 10 years after the InternetThe state of eTourism research. Tourism management, 29(4), pp.609-623. Buhalis, D. and O'Connor, P., 2005. Information communication technology revolutionizing tourism. Tourism recreation research, 30(3), pp.7-16. Frew, A.J., 2000. Information and communications technology research in the travel and tourism domain: Perspective and direction. Journal of Travel Research, 39(2), pp.136-145. Ham, S., Kim, W.G. and Jeong, S., 2005. Effect of information technology on performance in upscale hotels. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 24(2), pp.281-294. Inkpen, G., 1998. Information technology for travel and tourism (No. Ed. 2). Addison Wesley Longman Ltd. Law, R. and Jogaratnam, G., 2005. A study of hotel information technology applications. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 17(2), pp.170-180. Ma, J.X., Buhalis, D. and Song, H., 2003. ICTs and Internet adoption in China's tourism industry. International Journal of Information Management, 23(6), pp.451-467. OConnor, P. and Murphy, J., 2004. Research on information technology in the hospitality industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 23(5), pp.473-484. Poon, A., 1993. Tourism, technology and competitive strategies. CAB international. Sheldon, P.J., 1997. Tourism information technology. Cab International. Ukpabi, D.C. and Karjaluoto, H., 2016. Consumers acceptance of information and communications technology in tourism: A review. Telematics and Informatics. Werthner, H. and Klein, S., 1999. ICT and the changing landscape of global tourism distribution. Electronic markets, 9(4), pp.256-262.

Sample Essay With Labeled Parts

Sample Essay With Labeled PartsYou could have two sample essays that you would like to use. One may be formatted for use as a thesis paper and the other may be formatted as a sample essay for undergraduates. Either of these would serve as a good place to start. Although this is just a suggestion, I believe it's good to start with a sample essay that is either already available online or a little more obscure.There are many ways to organize these essays, but they are generally categorized as such: read, short, medium, and long. These can make it very difficult to tell which category each essay belongs in. The most common one for any sample essay is the read, short, medium, and long ones.Now that you have an idea what your sample essay is going to be, it's time to break it down to categories. A sample essay for undergraduates should be roughly forty-five minutes long. As for the read and short ones, the first part is used to go over the different course requirements and specifications. Once that is covered, the rest of the essay focuses on those course requirements. For example, the course requirements for your major department should be covered in this section. This is a good time to briefly cover the college career services office, in addition to the college career center. Some general information about the college may also be included in the read and short one.The next paragraph is the one that helps you close out the essay. You should discuss the reason you need the information you have collected, and how you would like it explained. You should also mention any points you may have had problems with throughout the essay. These would usually include chapter details and any college assignments you have already completed.Most students donot take the time to really make a proper college essay. This is because there is no time to work on this type of material. This is where you should put all of the things you wish to accomplish in the essay.A good place to start yo ur college essay is to learn about some basic grammar rules and structure. This will help you with finding the best way to structure your essay and help you get the most out of it.